Este país totalitario no respeta la libertad de prensa, de expresión o de creencia, al mismo tiempo que aplica la persecución, censura, tortura y pena de muerte a sus detractores. Recordamos ahora nuestro paso por el programa de radio “Olvida tu equipaje”, de la emisora Radio Utopía, en el que hablamos de los derechos humanos en China y la postura de Amnistía Internacional al respecto
Autora: María del Mar Torreblanca, Amnistía Internacional Madrid
China, formalmente una República Popular, constituye un régimen totalitario que en escasas situaciones respeta los derechos humanos de los casi mil cuatrocientos millones de personas que habitan en el país. Cuestiones como la censura de artistas, la restricción del acceso a internet y a la información o la persecución de abogados expertos en derechos humanos son claras señas de la coerción de la libertad de expresión que se ejerce desde el gobierno de Pekín. Además, los activistas señalaron la dificultad para los medios de información occidentales a la hora de tratar de conocer qué sucede dentro del país, dado el gran grado de opacidad y secretismo de la información.
Este régimen unipartidista de índole comunista en lo político, se contrasta con un régimen puramente capitalista en el terreno económico. China es un país con un importantísimo desarrollo económico, situándose entre las principales potencias económicas a nivel global, con un crecimiento anual del 7% de su PIB y con un importantísimo papel en cuanto a Inversión Extranjera Directa.
Pena de muerte, tortura y abusos
Algunas de las preocupaciones de Amnistía Internacional (AI) al respecto de China están relacionadas con la existencia de 46 delitos cuya condena es la pena de muerte. AI, a pesar de la dificultad para obtener datos estadísticos sobre China, considera que este país es el mayor ejecutor del mundo. Del mismo modo, los activistas resaltaron que son numerosos los casos de torturas y abusos a presos por parte de las autoridades. Existen centros de detención no oficiales, donde se trasladan a numerosos presos y acusados con el fin de realizar torturas y otras prácticas que atentan directamente contra sus derechos. A remarcar los casos de dos ciudadanos chinos, una mujer de 84 años y un abogado defensor de los derechos humanos, que habían sido víctimas de dichos abusos de manera arbitraria. Asimismo, mostraron algunos de los tipos de tortura más comunes, tanto físicos como mentales, que se llevan a cabo en el país.

Otro de los temas que trataron fueron los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de los ciudadanos chinos. En esta línea, nuestros compañeros destacaron la Ley de hijo único, implantada por el gobierno, que constituía una violación a los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres. Esta ley, aunque actualmente no está vigente, ha contado con gravísimas consecuencias, tales como el gran número de niños y niñas abandonados por sus padres, por temor a las represalias, o los abortos forzados clandestinos. Las violaciones de los derechos reproductivos afectan de especial manera a las etnias minoritarias de China, puesto que el gobierno pretende que la etnia mayoritaria sea la dominante y el resto de etnias terminen desapareciendo. La libertad religiosa es otro de los derechos más reprimidos en China, ya que el gobierno pretende que los grupos religiosos minoritarios abandonen sus prácticas, a través de amenazas y sanciones.
En torno al desarrollo económico, las condiciones de producción en China generan terribles consecuencias para el medio ambiente. Los abismales niveles de contaminación de sus fábricas, así como la escasez de medidas para paliar los efectos negativos de la producción, sitúan a China entre los estados más contaminantes del mundo. Esto, a su vez, conlleva una violación más de los derechos de los ciudadanos chinos, pues se les priva del derecho a la salud.
Tibet y libertad de prensa
Si bien el Tíbet es un territorio independiente, el conflicto existente surge por cuestiones religiosas. Veamos: el Tíbet es una comunidad altamente religiosa, con sus propias costumbres y cultura, y, en contraposición, el gobierno de China pretende que hacer desaparecer estas diferencias culturales y religiosas por todo el país. Además, los tibetanos son víctimas de altos niveles de racismo y discriminación.

Para finalizar, resaltar cómo el gobierno lleva a cabo la censura de los periodistas y defensiones de derechos humanos. Más de 300 ciudadanos chinos firmaron una carta en la que se pedía la democratización del país. Asimismo, recordaron lo sucedido en la plaza Tiananmen de Pekín y cómo algunos ciudadanos chinos ni siquiera son conocedores de las actuaciones de represión que se dieron allí, puesto que el gobierno ha garantizado que este hecho quedase justificado y olvidado.
Las principales preocupaciones de Amnistía Internacional giran en torno a las condiciones de salud e higiene de los presos de conciencia, su acceso a la atención médica y las repetidas actuaciones de tortura y abusos de sus derechos. Todo ello, expuesto en el programa de Radio Utopía, muestra como en un país como es China, con su potencial económico y demográfico, los derechos de millones de personas son violados diariamente, entre los que abogados, periodistas y defensores de los derechos humanos viven bajo constantes amenazas por el simple hecho de tratar de mostrar la realidad en el país o defender algo tan básico como son los derechos fundamentales de las personas.
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